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DASS-21 — Depression, Anxiety & Stress
The DASS-21 measures three dimensions of psychological distress: Depression (mood, energy, motivation), Anxiety (physical arousal and fear), and Stress (tension, irritability, difficulty relaxing).
📌 Instructions
Rate each statement according to how much it applied to you over the past week, from "Did not apply" (0) to "Applied very much" (3).
📚 Research Basis
- Lovibond, S.H., & Lovibond, P.F. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343.
- Henry, J.D., & Crawford, J.R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227–239.
21 questions · ~4 minutes · Depression, Anxiety & Stress